Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Gimme That
Old Time Christmas! Holiday Films DVD, MP4 Download, USB
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4: Santa's List Day: -- In a
world of excessive list-making, this is the list that counts! It's
the day when Santa puts together his list of naughty or nice
children. The ones on the nice list receive toys, candy, and other
presents on Christmas Eve. The naughty children may find coal in
their stockings or not much at all! But how can one man pull this
off? He has help, of course. Santa's trusty elves keep watch all
year and make toys for nice children. Despite the two lists, Santa
remains jolly and generous, in keeping with the season's spirit.
Still, being nice is always a good thing. The story of Santa's
List Day and how it began has several versions. Perhaps like the
story of the man himself, Santa's List Day is an amalgamation of
numerous histories and folklore traditions. Santa's List Day marks
the day he makes a list of naughty and nice children, and the
proverbial list lets him decide what to bring each child for
Christmas. To understand how Santa's List Day began, let's delve
into the history of the man himself. The origins of Santa Claus
are steeped in folklore. We know him as the jolly man in red who
brings presents to children each Christmas; however, his story
goes back to numerous Christmas traditions. Most people believe
that Santa Claus was a monk named St Nicholas who lived during the
third century. Over time, St Nicholas became known as the
protector of children and sailors. The story of St Nicholas
adapted through the age. By the 18th century, the legend of St
Nicholas made inroads into American popular culture when Dutch
families gathered to honor the death anniversary of 'Sinterklaas'
(Dutch for St Nicholas). Gift-giving and Santa Claus' role in all
of it became a part of Christmas tradition in the 19th century.
Santa Claus was everywhere - from the streets of New York to
shopping malls and advertisements. But the defining moment came
with Clement Mark Moore's poem, "Twas the Night Before
Christmas." The poem describes a jolly old man flying from
house to house, shimmying up and down chimneys with ease to leave
presents for deserving children - also known as the ones on his
nice list. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Race
Cartoons Film Collection DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4: National Cookie Day: -- The
day that gets bakers across the country to warm up the ovens for
that great sweet treat of holiday baking that we enjoy giving tins
full of to friends and family all season long! We can thank the
Dutch for more than windmills and tulips. The English word
"cookie" is derived from the Dutch word koekie, meaning
"little cake." Hard cookie-like wafers have existed for
as long as baking has been documented. Not surprisingly, they
traveled well, too. However, they were usually not sweet enough to
be considered cookies by modern-day standards. The origin of the
cookie appears to begin in Persia in the 7th century, soon after
the use of sugar became common in the region. They then spread to
Europe through the Muslim conquest of Spain. Cookies were common
at all levels of society throughout Europe by the 14th century,
from the royal cuisine to the street vendors. Cookies arrived in
America in the 17th century. Macaroons and gingerbread cookies
were among the popular early American cookies. In most
English-speaking countries outside of North America, the most
common word for cookie is "biscuit." In some regions,
both terms, cookies and biscuits, are used interchangeably.
Cookies are classified into different categories, with the most
common ones being: Bar cookies - Drop cookies - Filled cookies;
Molded cookies - No bake cookies; Pressed cookies - Refrigerator
cookies; Rolled cookies - Sandwich cookies. To observe National
Cookie Day: pick up some cookies at your local bakery - and
remember to share some of your cookies with your family and
friends! A great way to get started is by making a list of your
favorite cookies to bake and enjoy. Then organize your baking
tools and start your assembly line - and use #NationalCookieDay to
post about it on social media. In 1976, Sesame Street included
National Cookie Day on its calendar for the first time on November
26th. The Cookie Monster also proclaimed his own National Cookie
Day in the 1980 book The Sesame Street Dictionary. Then in 1987,
Matt Nader of the Blue Chip Cookie Company out of San Francisco
created Cookie Day, celebrating it on December 4th. On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Vietnam: A
Country Not A War - George Page Wildlife DVD, Download, USB
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4: World Wildlife Conservation
Day: -- A day tospread awareness about preserving Earth's
endangered flora and fauna. What do you think the most invasive
species on Earth is? Monkeys? Catfish? Locusts? It's us, humans.
Nature's most magnificent creatures are becoming endangered and
being pushed to the brink of extinction by the greed of some
humans, and this is causing irreparable harm to the wildlife
ecosystem. World Wildlife Conservation Day is an occasion to be
aware, reflect, and take action when it comes to issues that are
threatening the planet's wildlife biodiversity balance. Driven by
the demand for illegal animal parts and products on the black
market, humans have been hunting, poaching, and slaughtering
several wildlife species to the brink of extinction. Human
interference in the world's natural ecosystem has been ongoing for
centuries. In the modern world, as humans traveled and settled in
different parts of the world, they cleared land for farming, cut
forests for shipbuilding, and began hunting and trapping for
money. Over the years, wildlife hunting and poaching became more
common and wildlife populations started to decline across the
globe. On November 8, 2012, Hillary Clinton, the Secretary of
State at that time, put out a call to action to raise awareness
and engage conservationists and wildlife enthusiasts about World
Wildlife Conservation Day. She also outlined the White House's
strategy to address the global problem of wildlife trafficking.
Unfortunately, even today, the illegal trade of endangered species
on the black market is rising. Although governments across the
world are trying their best and, in some cases, succeeding to stop
this act, not all species are safe from poachers and hunters. This
not only affects the wildlife but also the lives of millions of
people who live within or close to forested areas in different
parts of the world. So, it is time we act and work together to
preserve and protect the wildlife to ensure their survival. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Capitalist Cartoons Of John Sutherland MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4: International Day Of Banks:
-- An annual commemoration worldwide that acknowledges the role of
banks in providing people with important information for their
financial security. Apart from their commonly understood role of
providing financial support to individuals, banks also serve their
communities in diverse ways. The International Day Of Banks was
adopted by the U.N. General Assembly as a way to draw attention to
the role that international development banks can play in
supporting sustainable development. Banks support the
international community's goals by financing the sustainable
development of member nations and providing information for
achieving these goals. International Day Of Banks was instituted
by the United Nations General Assembly to acknowledge the
importance of banks and the role they play in the financial
stability and development of their communities. Banks are
financial institutions. They accept money from the public in the
form of savings or current deposits, which they lend to others who
need it and can provide some collateral. The concept of banking
began with the simple implementation of credit in the barter
system with the use of collateral. During the Renaissance, the
wealthy Italian families set up institutions that became the basis
of modern-day banking, and these spread across Europe. Before
banknotes existed, merchants would store their gold with bankers
until banks became further entrenched in the finances of their
communities. Today, banks perform many functions on behalf of
their clients, like personal, corporate, investment, transaction,
insurance, consumer finance, and trade finance. Development banks
do not accept deposits from the public, but they give credit and
direct governmental investments by offering financial support to
private and public institutions. The primary objective of
development banks is to serve the overall public interest rather
than make a profit. The UN recognizes the important role of
development banks in contributing to the financial wellbeing and
overall development of a region, and so the organization
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Meet
George Washington: The Man Behind Myth + Bonus MP4 Download DVD
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4, 1783: The Age Of
Enlightenment (The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason): The Age Of
Revolution: The Atlantic Revolutions: The American Enlightenment:
The American Revolution: The American Revolutionary War:
Washington's Farewell To His Officers: -- A week after British
troops had evacuated New York on November 25, 1783, Fraunces
Tavern, a landmark museum and restaurant in New York City situated
at 54 Pearl Street at the corner of Broad Street, hosted an
elaborate "turtle feast" dinner in the building's Long
Room where U.S. General George Washington bid farewell to his
officers. He said to his men "With a heart full of love and
gratitude, I now take leave of you. I most devoutly wish that your
latter days may be as prosperous and happy as your former ones
have been glorious and honorable." After his farewell, he
took each one of his officers by the hand for a personal word, and
often embraced, sometimes tearfully, each man who came to see him
in order. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Clive
James' Fame In The 20th Century TV Series DVD Set MP4 USB Drive
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4, 1865: #BOTD: #HBD! Edith
Cavell, British nurse notable as a pioneer of modern nursing in
Belgium, celebrated for saving the lives of soldiers from both
sides of the First World War without discrimination, and for
helping some 200 Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied
Belgium, St. Edith Cavell of the Calendar Of Saints Of The
Anglican Church Of England, hero and martyr (d. October 12, 1915)
is #born Edith Louisa Cavell in Swardeston, a village near
Norwich, a country town and a cathedral city and district of
Norfolk, England. She became a marytr when she died by execution
at the age of 49 at Tir National (National Shooting Range),
Schaerbeek, Brussels, Belgium when she was executed by a German
firing squad at dawn for helping those Allied soldiers escape. On
instructions from the Spanish minister, Belgian women immediately
buried her body next to Saint-Gilles Prison in Saint-Gilles,
Belgium. After the war, her body was taken back to Britain for a
memorial service at Westminster Abbey, and then transferred to
Norwich, to be laid to rest at Life's Green on the east side of
the cathedral. The King had to grant an exception to an Order in
Council of 1854, which prevented any burials in the grounds of the
cathedral, to allow the reburial. Edith Cavell was born Edith
Louisa Cavell in in Swardeston, a village near Norwich, a city and
district of Norfolk, England. She was arrested under martial law,
accused of treason, found guilty by a court-martial and sentenced
to death, despite international pressure for mercy Her execution
received worldwide condemnation and extensive press coverage. The
night before her execution, she said, "Patriotism is not
enough. I must have no hatred or bitterness towards anyone."
These words were later inscribed on a memorial to her near
Trafalgar Square. Her strong Anglican beliefs propelled her to
help all those who needed it, both German and Allied soldiers. She
was quoted as saying, "I can't stop while there are lives to
be saved." The Church of England commemorates her in its
Calendar of Saints on the anniversary of her execution, October
12. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Remember
When: Page One Print Journalism w/ Dick Cavett DVD, MP4, USB
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4, 1875: Crime: Organized Crime:
Organized Crime In The United States: Political Corruption In The
United States: Democratic Party Corruption: Political Machines In
The United States: Irish-American Crime: Organized Crime: Secret
Societies In The United States: Tammany Hall (The Society Of St.
Tammany, The Sons Of St. Tammany, The Columbian Order, The Tammany
Society): The Escape Of Boss Tweed: -- Boss Tweed, notorious
corrupt Tammany Hall leader, escapes from the Ludlow Street Jail
during an allowed home visit. On November 23, 1876, he was
delivered to authorities in New York City after being captured in
Spain, where he worked as a common seaman on a Spanish ship; he
was recognized from Thomas Nast's political cartoons in Harper's
Weekly magazine. He was an American politician most notable for
being the "boss" of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party
political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th
century New York City and State. At the height of his influence,
Tweed was the third-largest landowner in New York City and a
director of the Erie Railroad, the Tenth National Bank, and the
New-York Printing Company, as well as proprietor of the
Metropolitan Hotel. Tweed was elected to the United States House
Of Representatives in 1852 and the New York County board of
supervisors in 1858, the year he became the head of the Tammany
Hall political machine. He was also elected to the New York State
Senate in 1867, but Tweed's greatest influence came from being an
appointed member of a number of boards and commissions, his
control over political patronage in New York City through Tammany,
and his ability to ensure the loyalty of voters through jobs he
could create and dispense on city-related projects. Tweed was
convicted for stealing an amount estimated by an aldermen's
committee in 1877 at between 25-45M USD from New York City
taxpayers through political corruption, although later estimates
ranged as high as 200M USD. Unable to make bail, he escaped from
jail once, but was returned to custody. He died in the Ludlow
Street Jail. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Francisco
Franco Documentary Set Spanish Civil War MP4 Download DVD
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4, 1892: #BOTD: Francisco
Franco, Spanish general who ruled over Spain from 1939 until his
death (d. November 20, 1975) is #born Francisco Franco Bahamonde
into a seafaring family of Andalusian ancestry in the Calle Frutos
Saavedra in the province of El Ferrol, Galicia. He was baptised
thirteen days later at the military church of San Francisco, with
the baptismal name Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teodulo;
Francisco for his paternal grandfather, Paulino for his godfather,
Hermenegildo for his maternal grandmother and godmother, and
Teodulo for the saint day of his birth. Francisco Franco became
military dictator of Spain beginning in 1939, after the
nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War. This period in
Spanish history is commonly known as Francoist Spain. As a
conservative and a monarchist, Franco opposed the abolition of the
monarchy and the establishment of a democratic secular republic in
1931. With the 1936 elections, the conservative Spanish
Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups lost by a narrow
margin, and the leftist Popular Front came to power. Intending to
overthrow the republic, Franco followed other generals in
launching a coup that failed to take control of most of the
country and precipitated the Spanish Civil War. With the death of
the other generals, Franco quickly became his faction's only
leader. Franco gained military support from various authoritarian
regimes and groups, especially Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy,
while the Republican side was supported by Spanish communists and
anarchists as well as the Soviet Union, Mexico, and the
International Brigades. In 1939, Franco won the war, which claimed
half a million lives. He established a military dictatorship.
Franco proclaimed himself Head of State and Government under the
title El caudillo. In April 1937, Franco merged the fascist and
traditionalist political parties in the rebel zone (FE de las JONS
and Traditionalist Communion), as well as other conservative and
monarchist elements, into FET y de las JONS. At the same time he
outlawed all other political parties, and thus Spain became a
one-party state. Upon his rise to power, Franco implemented
policies that repressed political opponents and dissenters, as
many as 400,000 of whom died through the use of forced labor and
executions in the concentration camps his regime operated. He
espoused neutrality as Spain's official wartime policy. However,
he provided military support to the Axis in numerous ways: he
allowed German and Italian ships and submarines to use Spanish
harbors and ports, the Abwehr operated in Spain, and the Blue
Division fought alongside the European Axis against the Soviet
Union until 1944. Although often identified as fascist, few
scholars of the matter consider Franco's Spain such, usually
recognizing it as conservative and authoritarian. Spain was
isolated by the international community for nearly a decade after
World War II. By the 1950s, the nature of his regime changed from
being openly totalitarian and using severe repression to an
authoritarian system with limited pluralism. During the Cold War,
Franco was one of the world's foremost anti-Communist figures: his
regime was assisted by the West, and it was asked to join NATO.
After chronic economic depression in the late 1940s and early
1950s, Franco presided over the Spanish miracle, abandoning
autarky (self-sufficiency of a political state or their economic
system) and pursuing economic liberalization, delegating authority
to liberal ministers. Franco died of heart failure at the age of
82 in Madrid, Spain. On October 30, 1975 he had fallen into a coma
and was put on life support. Franco's family agreed to disconnect
the life-support machines. Officially, he died a few minutes after
midnight on November 20, 1975 from heart failure, at the age of 82
- on the same date as the death of Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera,
the founder of the Falange, in 1936. However, historian Ricardo de
la Cierva claimed that he had been told around 6 pm on November 19
that Franco had already died. Franco's body was interred at Valle
de los Caidos, a colossal memorial built by the forced labour of
political prisoners to honour the casualties of both sides of the
Spanish Civil War. The site was designated by the interim
government, assured by Prince Juan Carlos and Prime Minister
Carlos Arias Navarro, as the burial place for Franco. According to
his family, Franco did not want to be buried in the Valley, but in
the Almudena Cathedral in Madrid. Nonetheless, the family agreed
to the interim government's request to bury him in the Valley, and
has stood by the decision. This made Franco the only person
interred in the Valley who did not die during the Spanish Civil
War. Since Franco had restored the monarchy before his death, Juan
Carlos was proclaimed his successor as King two days later; it was
King Juan Carlos I who led the Spanish transition to democracy.
After a referendum, a new constitution was adopted, which
transformed Spain into a parliamentary democracy under a
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Call
To Glory: Chennault And The Flying Tigers DVD, Download, USB
Today, December 4, 2025
( #JCKaelin here: As a boy I met Pappy
Boyington as he raged apoplectically for being denied a
#SearsCreditCard at the #Sears in #NewBrunswick #NJ! It was the
first time I ever heard anyone curse - and Good God, did he curse!
It would be ungenerous of me to go on to describe the many
shocking things I saw this MOH awardee do at that time; he was,
after all, a former internee in a Japanese POW camp during World
War II, and as the Japanese knew well who he was, I'm sure they
singled him out for special treatment. I sincerely hope he found
peace in the hereafter :) ) ========= December 4, 1912: #BOTD:
#HBD! Pappy Boyington, American colonel, Flying Tiger, United
States Marine Corps fighter ace during World War II, Medal Of
Honor and Navy Cross recipient (d. January 11, 1988) is #born
Gregory Boyington in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Boyington was initially
a US Marine Corps aviator with the Pacific fleet before being
recruited by the legendary "Flying Tigers" (1st American
Volunteer Group) in the Republic Of China Air Force in Burma at
the end of 1941 and part of 1942, during the military conflict
between China and Japan, and the beginning of World War II. In
September 1942, he rejoined the Marine Corps (he had been an
aviator before the war). In early 1943, he deployed to the South
Pacific and began flying combat missions as a Marine F4U Corsair
fighter pilot. In September 1943, he took command of U.S. Marine
Corps fighter squadron VMF-214 ("Black Sheep"). In
January 1944, Boyington, outnumbered by Japanese "Zero"
planes, was shot down into the Pacific Ocean after downing one of
the enemy planes. He was captured by a Japanese submarine crew and
was held as a prisoner of war for more than a year and a half. He
was released shortly after the surrender of Japan, and a few days
before the official surrender documents were signed. The
television series Baa Baa Black Sheep was inspired by Boyington
and his men in the "Black Sheep" squadron. It ran for
two seasons in the late 1970s. Pappy Boyington died of cancer at
age 75, in Fresno, California. Boyington is buried at Arlington
National Cemetery. His January 15 interment included full military
honors accorded to a Medal Of Honor recipient, including a missing
man fly-by conducted by the F-4 Phantom IIs of VMFA-321 "Hells
Angels" of the Marine Air Reserve Training Detachment based
at the Naval Air Facility located on Andrews Air Force Base.
Before his flight from Fresno, VMA-214 (the current incarnation of
the Black Sheep Squadron) did a flyby. They intended to perform a
missing man formation, but one of the four aircraft suffered a
mechanical problem. After the burial service for Boyington, one of
his friends, Fred Losch, looked down at the headstone next to
which he was standing, that of boxing legend Joe Louis, and
remarked that "Ol' Pappy wouldn't have to go far to find a
good fight." On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Great
American Bailout 1988 S & L Election Scandal DVD MP4 USB
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4, 1923: #BOTD: Charles Keating,
American athlete, lawyer, real estate developer, banker,
financier, and activist best known for his role in the savings and
loan scandal of the late 1980s (d. March 31, 2014) is #born
Charles Humphrey Keating Jr. in Cincinnati, Ohio. Keating was a
champion swimmer for the University of Cincinnati in the 1940s.
From the late 1950s through the 1970s, he was a noted
anti-pornography activist, founding the organization Citizens for
Decent Literature and serving as a member on the 1969 President's
Commission on Obscenity and Pornography. In the 1980s, Keating ran
American Continental Corporation and the Lincoln Savings and Loan
Association, and took advantage of loosened restrictions on
banking investments. His enterprises began to suffer financial
problems and were investigated by federal regulators. His
financial contributions to, and requests for regulatory
intervention from five sitting U.S. senators led to those
legislators being dubbed the "Keating Five". When
Lincoln failed in 1989 it cost the federal government over 3B USD
and about 23,000 customers were left with worthless bonds. In the
early 1990s, Keating was convicted in both federal and state
courts of many counts of fraud, racketeering and conspiracy. He
served four and a half years in prison before those convictions
were overturned in 1996. In 1999, he pleaded guilty to a more
limited set of wire fraud and bankruptcy fraud counts, and was
sentenced to the time he had already served. Keating spent his
final years in low-profile real estate activities until his death
in a Phoenix, Arizona hospital at age 90, after an undisclosed
illness of several weeks. He is buried in Gate Of Heaven Cemetery
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Cotton
Club Remembered (The Cotton Club At The Ritz) MP4 Or DVD
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4. 1927: Aesthetics: Performing
Arts: Premieres: Theatre Premieres: Musical Premieres: United
States Musical Premieres: -- Duke Ellington opens his four-year
residency as the house band at the legendary Harlem nightclub The
Cotton Club in New York City. With a popular nationally syndicated
weekly radio broadcast from the club, Ellington and the venue
received widespread exposure and enduriging recognition, while the
Cotton Club's exclusively white and wealthy clientele poured in
nightly to see them. In September 1927, King Oliver turned down
this gig; the offer passed to Ellington after he was suggested by
composer/songwriter Jimmy McHugh, who composed all the Cotton
Club's musical numbers (besides those composed by Ellington) with
the lyrics by Dorothy Fields (later Harold Arlen and Ted Koehler),
and Ellington's agent-publisher Irving Mills arranged an audition.
Ellington had to increase from a six to eleven-piece group to meet
the requirements of the Cotton Club's management for the audition.
Ellington's group performed all the music for the Cotton Club's
revues, which mixed comedy, dance numbers, vaudeville, burlesque,
music, and illicit alcohol. At the same time, Ellington also
recorded Fields-JMcHugh and Fats Waller-Andy Razaf songs. The
Cotton Club's sumptuous stage routines with exotically dressed
black dancers inspired Ellington and the band to develop a new
musical style that became popularly know as "jungle music"
for these dances, music which featured a growl technique of brass
playing developed by trumpeter Bubber Miley and trombonist "Tricky
Sam" Nanton. These distinguished Ellington sidemen of these
early years were accompanied by the equally distinguished sidemen
of alto saxophonist Johnny Hodges (famous for his sensuous tone
and technical virtuosity), baritone saxophonist Harry Carney
(whose agility on this weighty instrument was profound) and
clarinetist Barney Bigard (who provided a direct link with old New
Orleans jazz). In 1929, the prodigious Cootie Williams succeeded
Miley as principal trumpet. Ellington's fame became worldwide
after the successes of "The Mooche" (1928), "Mood
Indigo" (1930) and "It Don't Mean a Thing (If it Ain't
Got that Swing)" (1932). In 1933 he took his band on their
first tour of Europe. By this time singer Cab Calloway had
succeeded Ellington at the Cotton Club, and Calloway was in turn
succeeded by Jimmie Lunceford in 1934. The end of Prohibition the
year prior to Lunceford's residency resulted in the decline of
this and other nightclubs of that era, and racial unrest in Harlem
in the following year forced the club to close down temporarily,
but it re-opened in a different location in the autumn of 1936 and
remained in business for a further four years. Other important
nightspots in Harlem during the heyday of the Cotton Club were
Connie's Inn (which hosted performances by Louis Armstrong,
Fletcher Henderson and Fats Waller between 1929 and 1931), Small's
Paradise (haunt of stride pianists Willie "The Lion"
Smith and James P. Johnson) and the Savoy Ballroom (just one block
away from the original Cotton Club on Lenox Avenue). On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Gung Ho!
1943 Carlson's Raiders Randolph Scott DVD, Download, USB
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4, 1942: World War II: The
Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The Asiatic-Pacific Theater,
The Pacific Theater Of World War II): The Pacific Ocean Theater Of
World War II: The South West Pacific Area (SWPA): Operation
Cartwheel: The Solomon Islands Campaign: The Battle Of Guadalcanal
(The Guadalcanal Campaign, Operation Watchtower): Carlson's Patrol
(The Long Patrol, Carlson's Long Patrol): -- Carlson's Patrol, an
operation by the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion under the command of
Evans Carlson during the Guadalcanal Campaign against the Imperial
Japanese Army from November 6 to December 4, 1942, comes to a
successful conclusion. In the operation, the 2nd Raiders attacked
forces under the command of Toshinari Shoji, which were escaping
from an attempted encirclement in the Koli Point area on
Guadalcanal and attempting to rejoin other Japanese army units on
the opposite side of the U.S. Lunga perimeter. In a series of
small unit engagements over 29 days, the 2nd Raiders killed almost
500 Japanese soldiers while suffering only 16 killed, although
many were afflicted by disease. The raiders also captured a
Japanese field gun that was delivering harassing fire on Henderson
Field, the Allied airfield at Lunga Point on Guadalcanal. The
Marine Raider Battalion thereafter became famous as Carlson's
Raiders, and a movie was made in 1943 based on their actions,
"Gung Ho!". On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Marshal
Josip Broz Tito Documentary Biography DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4, 1943: The European Civil War:
World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of
World War II): The Mediterranean And Middle East Theater Of World
War II (The Mediterranean Theater Of War) The Balkans Campaign
(World War II): Proclamation Of The Founding Of Democratic Federal
Yugoslavia (Democratic Federative Yugoslavia, DF Yugoslavia, DFY):
-- Yugoslav partisan leader Marshal Josip Broz Tito proclaims the
creation of the provisional Democratic Federative Yugoslavia
(Bosnian: Demokratska federativna Jugoslavija), a democratic
Yugoslav government in-exile that had been established on November
29, 1943 through a vote of the Second Session of the Anti-Fascist
Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ), the
successor to the National Committee for the Liberation of
Yugoslavia (NKOJ), with Tito as prime minister, and lawyer Ivan
Ribar as Chairman of the Presidium of the Provisional People's
Assembly (the head of government before the war's end) and as
Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly after the war's
end. It was recognized by the Allies at the Tehran Conference,
along with the AVNOJ as its deliberative body. The Yugoslav
government-in-exile of King Peter II in London, partly due to
pressure from the United Kingdom, recognized the AVNOJ government
with the Treaty of Vis, signed on June 16, 1944 between the prime
minister of the government-in-exile, Ivan Subasic, and Tito. With
the Treaty of Vis, the government-in-exile and the NKOJ agreed to
merge into a provisional government as soon as possible. The form
of the new government was agreed upon in a second Subasic-Tito
agreement signed on November 1, 1944 in the recently liberated
Yugoslav capital of Belgrade. DF Yugoslavia became one of the
founding members of the United Nations upon the signing of the
United Nations Charter in October 1945. The state was formed to
unite the Yugoslav resistance movement to the occupation of
Yugoslavia by the Axis powers. The agreement left the issue of
whether the state would be a monarchy or a republic intentionally
undecided until after the war had ended so the position of head of
state was vacant. After the merger of the governments, the state
was reformed as a one-party Federal People's Republic of
Yugoslavia with Josip Broz Tito as Prime Minister and Ivan Subasic
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Hippie
Temptation (1967) w/ Harry Reasoner DVD, MP4, USB Stick
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4, 1965: Aesthetics: Performing
Arts: Premieres: Musical Premieres: -- The Grateful Dead's first
concert performance. under this new name, is held in San Jose,
California at one of Ken Kesey's Acid Tests, a series of parties
held by author Ken Kesey in the San Francisco Bay Area during the
mid-1960s, centered entirely on the use of, and advocacy of, the
psychedelic drug LSD, also known as "acid". LSD-25 had
not been made illegal in California until October 6th,1966. The
name "Acid Test" was coined by Kesey, after the term
"acid test" used by gold miners in the 1850s. He began
throwing parties at his farm at La Honda, California. The Merry
Pranksters were central to organizing the Acid Tests, including
Pranksters such as Lee Quarnstrom and Neal Cassady. Other people,
such as LSD chemists Owsley Stanley and Tim Scully, were involved
as well. Kesey took the parties to public places, and advertised
with posters that read, "Can you pass the acid test?",
and the name was later popularized in Tom Wolfe's 1968 book The
Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test. Musical performances by the Grateful
Dead were commonplace, along with black lights, strobe lights, and
fluorescent paint. The Acid Tests are notable for their influence
on the LSD-based counterculture of the San Francisco area and
subsequent transition from the beat generation to the hippie
movement. The Jefferson Airplane song "A Song for All
Seasons" (from Volunteers) mentions the Acid Tests. On Sale @
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The FBI's
War On Black America: COINTELPRO MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4, 1969: #DOTD: #RIP: Black
Panther Party (BPP) members Fred Hampton, Chairman of the Illinois
chapter of the Black Panther Party and deputy chairman of the
national BPP (b. August 30, 1948), and fellow BPP member Mark
Clark (b. June 28, 1947), #dies when they are shot and killed
during a pre-dawn raid by a tactical unit of the Cook County,
Illinois State's Attorney's Office, in conjunction with 14
officers of the Chicago Police Department as well as the Federal
Bureau of Investigation. Fred Hampton is buried at Bethel Cemetery
in Haynesville, Louisiana; Mark Clark is buried at Springdale
Cemetery And Mausoleum in Peoria, Illinois. In January 1970, a
coroner's jury held an inquest and ruled the deaths of Hampton and
Clark to be justifiable homicide; however, a civil lawsuit was
later filed on behalf of the survivors and the relatives of
Hampton and Clark that was eventually resolved in 1982 for a
settlement of 1.85M USD with the City of Chicago, Cook County, and
the federal government, each paying a third of the settlement to a
group of nine plaintiffs. Fred Hampton, African American
Marxist-Leninist revolutionary who came to prominence in his late
teens and early 20s in Chicago as deputy chairman of the national
Black Panther Party and chair of the Illinois chapter, who as a
progressive African American founded the anti-racist,
anti-classist Rainbow Coalition, a prominent multicultural
political organization that initially included the Black Panthers,
Young Patriots (which organized poor whites), and the Young Lords
(which organized Hispanics), and an alliance among major Chicago
street gangs to help them end infighting and work for social
change, was born Fredrick Allen Hampton Sr. in present-day Summit
Argo, Illinois (generally shortened to Summit). Hampton considered
fascism the greatest threat, saying "nothing is more
important than stopping fascism, because fascism will stop us
all." In 1967, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
identified Hampton as a radical threat. It tried to subvert his
activities in Chicago, sowing disinformation among black
progressive groups and placing a counterintelligence operative in
the local Panthers organization. In December 1969, Hampton was
drugged, then shot and killed in his bed during a predawn raid at
his Chicago apartment by a tactical unit of the Cook County
State's Attorney's Office, who received aid from the Chicago
Police Department and the FBI leading up to the attack. Law
enforcement sprayed more than 100 gunshots throughout the
apartment; the occupants fired once. During the raid, Panther Mark
Clark was also killed and several others were seriously wounded.
In January 1970, the Cook County Coroner held an inquest; the
coroner's jury concluded that Hampton's and Clark's deaths were
justifiable homicides. A civil lawsuit was later filed on behalf
of the survivors and the relatives of Hampton and Clark. It was
resolved in 1982 by a settlement of 1.85M USD (equivalent to 5.84M
USD in 2023); the U.S. federal government, Cook County, and the
City of Chicago each paid one-third to a group of nine plaintiffs.
Given revelations about the illegal COINTELPRO program and
documents associated with the killings, many scholars now consider
Hampton's death, at age 21, a deliberate assassination at the
FBI's initiative. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Golden
Age Of Rock 'N' Roll DVD, MP4 Video Download, Flash Drive
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4, 1971: Fires: Fire Disasters:
Fire Disasters In Switzerland: The 1971 Montreux Casino Fire: --
On the same date on which Frank Zappa would die twenty-two years
later, during a concert of Frank Zappa And The Mothers of
Invention at the Montreux Casino, an audience member fires a flare
gun into the venue's ceiling, causing a fire that burns down and
destroys the venue. Rock band Deep Purple, who were going to use
the Casino as the site for the recording of their next album,
witness the fire from their hotel; the incident would be
immortalized in their best known song, "Smoke on the Water".
Montreux Casino (Casino Barriere de Montreux) is a casino located
in Montreux, Switzerland, on the shoreline of Lake Geneva. It has
served as the venue for the Montreux Jazz Festival and was rebuilt
following the fire. It is a property of Groupe Lucien Barriere,
who operates casinos in France, Switzerland and elsewhere in
Europe, and also operates in the French luxury hotel industry and
in catering and leisure industries. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Who
Live At The Spectrum Theater Philadelphia 1973 Download MP3 CD
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4, 1973: Aesthetics: The
Performing Arts: Music: Music History: The History Of Rock And
Roll (Rock & Roll, Rock-N-Roll, Rock 'N' Roll, Rock 'N Roll,
Rock N' Roll): British Rock And Roll (British Rock & Roll,
British Rock-N-Roll, British Rock 'N' Roll, British Rock 'N Roll,
British Rock N' Roll): The Swinging Sixties: Music Of The United
Kingdom: Rock And Roll (Rock & Roll, Rock-N-Roll, Rock 'N'
Roll, Rock 'N Roll, Rock N' Roll): Concerts: British Rock (Beat
Music, British Beat, Merseybeat): The Swinging Sixties: Music Of
The United Kingdom: Rock And Roll (Rock & Roll, Rock-N-Roll,
Rock 'N' Roll, Rock 'N Roll, Rock N' Roll): The British Invasion:
Concerts: The Who: The Who Live At The Spectrum Theater
Philadelphia 1973: -- The Who Live At The Spectrum: -- The Who
perform their legendary "best show", a two-hour live
performance at the Spectrum Theater, Philadelphia, Pennyslvania.
It was recorded and broadcast on the nationally syndicated King
Biscuit Flower Hour on WXCD 94.7 Chicago and other stations
nationwide.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Chuck
McCann 1960s New York City Kids TV Shows DVD, Download, USB
Today, December 4, 2025
December 4: Wear Brown Shoes Day: -- A
day to celebrate, honor and, most importantly, wear brown shoes!
Did you know that at one point in time, brown shoes were
considered less prestigious than black shoes? Today, things have
changed and brown shoes are viewed as a symbol of elegance and
beauty. Moreover, people worldwide are rocking their style with
brown shoes, pairing them with every outfit at any time of the
day. Brown Shoes Day is the day to shower brown shoes with the
love and respect they deserve. Whether you're out shopping,
chilling with your friends on a sunny day, trekking in the woods,
or attending a professional meeting, brown shoes make you look
uber-stylish. However, the exact origins of Wear Brown Shoe Day
are unknown. It may have been created by a style guru who wanted
people to give brown shoes the attention they deserve or maybe it
was created by someone like you and me, who was just tired of
wearing the same old black shoes every day. But one thing we can
all agree on is that brown shoes need more love! In ancient times,
brown shoes were made from tanned leathers and that's where they
got their brown color from. As time went on and people discovered
black and other color dyes, brown shoes became less prestigious
than black shoes because they were often worn by countrymen who
worked in dirt and soil. It even reached a point where phrases
such as "no brown in town" and "no brown after six"
were used. But this changed over time and these partialities don't
exist anymore. We've grown accustomed to the color brown, and it
feels earthy and natural to us. Today, most people assume that
people who wear brown shoes, especially brown leather shoes, are
confident and reliable. Additionally, they go great with
absolutely any item or color of clothing. So, step out in your
brown shoes and make your statement!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Old
Time Radio Sci-Fi & Paranormal MP3 MegaSet CD, Download, USB
Today, December 4, 2025December 4: National Sock Day: --
Celebrates those rarest of socks that managed to stick together
and maybe to mourn those socks that lost their significant others
in the wash over the years. Whether you're a fan of knee-high,
crew, ankle, or low-cut socks, or even the ones sporting tiny
holes, the history and significance of National Sock Day will make
you love your socks even more! Whether you realize it or not,
socks are a common necessity for all people. Everyone, from babies
to grandpas, uses socks daily. Before the 2nd century A.D., people
used dried animal skins, or cloth wrappings to protect their feet
in the cold or hot environment while wearing any footwear. Now,
you can find socks in various colors and types made from different
materials including silk, cotton, wool, and polyester. Today, with
so many brands out there, socks have evolved to a space where they
symbolize art and fashion. On December 4, a clothing company
called Pair of Thieves created National Sock Day. According to the
company's website, they started this day "to warm our toes
with the commemoration of two toe-tapping historical events that
happened on this day." In 2016, it was officially declared
that National Sock Day would be celebrated annually on December 4.
The first historical event they are referring to is the closing of
the first revival of the Broadway musical "On Your Toes",
on December 4, 1954. This musical was special because it
incorporated ballet. The second "toe-tapping" event that
the holiday commemorates is the final concert of the country music
mother-daughter singing duo, The Judds, in 1991. The company takes
National Sock Day to another level by donating a pair of socks for
every hashtag of #NationalSockDay that is posted on the day. They
also give away socks year-round as part of their give-back program
- for every pair of socks purchased, they donate three pairs to
those in need.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Abbott
And Costello Old Time Radio MP3 Collection DVD, Download, USB
Today, December 4, 2025December 4: National Dice Day: --
Celebrate today with a roll of the dice! Can you believe that dice
have been around for over 5,000 years? Dice are popular all over
the world and are available in many colors, shapes, materials, and
forms. From "Monopoly" and "Snakes and Ladders"
to your favorite roleplaying game, this ancient gaming tool is an
integral part of many games. Dice are a famous gaming tool that
has been used for gambling and gaming since the age of kings and
conquerors. Whether you like roleplaying games, strategy games, or
simple board games, there is a dice game out there for everyone.
Today, almost all of us will have some amazing childhood memories
associated with dice games. The origin of dice and National Dice
Day is still uncertain. However, dice can be and have been found
throughout the world. In fact, dice have a long tradition. The
most common die is a cube with six sides having one to six dots on
each side. The oldest-known dice ever were excavated at 'The Burnt
City' in present-day Iran as a portion of a backgammon-like game
set that dates back to 5000 B.C. Historians say that various
civilizations have used dice in games. There have been instances
of dice in the Indus Valley, Egypt, Rome, and China. Various
religions like Hinduism and Christianity mention the game of
dicing. In the olden days, dice were first made from the talus or
ankle bones of hoofed animals. As time went on, ivory, wood,
plastic, and other materials were used to make dice. The dice that
we use today are mostly made from plastic or synthetic resin.
Today, there are hundreds of games that exist around the world
that incorporate dice as a way to add random challenges or
obstacles to the objectives. Even without a board or a game
set-up, playing with dice can be entertaining!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Crusade
In Europe WWII TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, December 4, 2025December 4-6, 1943: The European Civil
War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater
Of World War II): World War II Conferences: The Second Cairo
Conference: -- Prime Minister Churchill, President Roosevelt and
President Inonu of Turkey meet in Cairo, Egypt to address Turkey's
possible contribution to the Allies in World War II. Until 1941,
both Roosevelt and Churchill maintained the opinion that Turkey's
continuing neutrality would serve the interests of the Allies by
blocking the Axis from reaching the strategic oil reserves of the
Middle East. But the early victories of the Axis until the end of
1942 caused Roosevelt and Churchill to re-evaluate a possible
Turkish participation in the war on the side of the Allies. On
January 30, 1943, Churchill had secretly met with Inonu inside a
train wagon at the Yenice Station, 23 kilometers outside of Adana
in Turkey, to discuss the issue (see the Adana Conference.)
Roosevelt, on the other hand, still believed that a Turkish attack
would be too risky and an eventual Turkish failure would have
disastrous effects for the Allies. At the end of the conference,
it was decided that Turkey's neutrality should be maintained. It
was also decided to build the Incirlik Air Base near Adana for
possible Allied air operations in the region, but construction
works began after the end of the Second World War. Incirlik Air
Base later played an important role for NATO during the Cold War.
Both Roosevelt and Inonu got what they wanted, while Churchill was
a bit disappointed, because he believed that an active Turkish
participation in the war would quicken the German defeat by
hitting their "soft underbelly" in the southeast. Turkey
eventually joined the war on the side of the Allies on 23 February
1945, after it was announced at the Yalta Conference that only the
states which were formally at war with Germany and Japan by 1
March 1945 would be admitted to the United Nations. However,
Turkey didn't directly participate in a military conflict;
limiting its participation to providing materials and supplies for
the Allies, and imposing political and economic sanctions on the
Axis states.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Old
Time Radio Horror & Suspense MP3 MegaSet DVD, Download, USB
Today, December 4, 2025December 4, 1131: #DOTD: #RIP: Omar
Khayyam, Persian polymath, mathematician, astronomer, author of
the famed collection of poems known as "The Rubaiyat Of Omar
Khayyam" (b. May 18, 1048) #dies at the age of 83 in his
hometown of Nishapur, is buried in what is now the Mausoleum Of
Omar Khayyam, a modern mausoleum of white marble erected over Omar
Khayyam's headstone located on the south-east of the city of
Nishapur, Iran. Omar Khayyam was born Ghiyath al-Din Abu al-Fath
Umar Ibn Ibrahim Nisaburi in Nishapur in modern Northeastern Iran
(the Persian historian Bayhaqi, who knew him, provides in the full
details of his horoscope that "he was Gemini, the sun and
Mercury being in the ascendant", which is used by modern
scholars to establish his date of birth).. As a mathematician, he
is most notable for his work on the classification and solution of
cubic equations, among other thins. As an astronomer, he designed
the Jalali Calendar, a solar calendar with a very precise 33-year
intercalation cycle that provided the basis for the Persian
calendar that is still in use after nearly a millennium.
(Intercalation or embolism in timekeeping is the insertion of a
leap day, week, or month into some calendar years.) Khayyam
announced in 1079, that the length of the year was measured as
365.24219858156 days. Given that the length of the year is
changing in the sixth decimal place over a person's lifetime, this
is outstandingly accurate. For comparison the length of the year
at the end of the 19th century was 365.242196 days, while today it
is 365.242190 days. There is a tradition of attributing poetry to
Omar Khayyam, written in the form of quatrains (Rubaiyat). This
poetry became widely known to the English-reading world in a
translation by Edward FitzGerald (Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, 1859),
which enjoyed great success in the Orientalism of the fin de
siecle.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Duke
Ellington Reminiscing In Tempo + 2 Bonus Titles DVD MP4 Download
Today, December 4, 2025December 4, 1807: #DOTD: #RIP: Prince
Hall, African American abolitionist called "The Father Of
Civil Rights", leader of the free black community in Boston,
founder of Prince Hall Freemasonry who lobbied for education
rights for African American children and was active in the
Back-To-Africa Movement (b. c. 1735, c. 1748 or September 12,
1748; traditional birthdate September 14) #dies in Boston,
Massachusetts; according to biographer David Gray, newspaper
accounts showed that he died on this date, and was buried three
days later. However, the precised details of his death (as well as
his birth) are in dispute. A tribute monument erected on June 24,
1835 in his name next to his grave marker at Copp's Hill Burying
Ground, a cemetery overlooking the Charlstown naval yard in
Boston's North End where other notable Bostonians from the
colonial era are buried, bears the inscription: "Here lies ye
body of Prince Hall, first Grand Master of the colored Grand Lodge
in Mass. Died Dec. 7, 1807" (thousands of other African
Americans who lived in the "New Guinea" community are
buried alongside Snowhill Street in unmarked graves at the base of
Copp's Hill). The Medford Historical Society & Museum of
Boston states that "after many years of service, Prince Hall
died on December 26, 1827". Death notices published on
December 7, 1807, state that he died at the age of 72, which
indicates he was born in 1735. A deposition dated August 31, 1807
records his age as "about 70 years", suggesting his date
of birth was about 1737. A letter written in 1795 by Reverend
Jeremy Belknap, a founder of the Massachusetts Historical Society,
places Halls' birth in 1737 or 1738. Belknap bases this year of
birth upon Prince Hall's stated age when Hall and Belknap met.
Prince Hall's date of birth, place of birth and parents are
likewise unclear, as are his marriages; this is at least partly
due to the fact that there were numerous "Prince Halls"
during this time period. He was born c. 1735, c. 1748 or September
12, 1748; his traditional birthdate September 14. Prince Hall
mentioned in his writings that New England was his homeland. The
Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, in its Proceedings of
1906, opted for 1738, relying on a letter from Reverend Jeremy
Belknap, a founder of the Massachusetts Historical Society. A
mural at the Grand Hall Lodge in Dorchester, MA states he was born
in 1735. According to the Medford Historical Society & Museum,
sources state he was born on September 12, 1748 in Bridgetown,
Barbados to Thomas Prince Hall, an Englishmen, and a free Colored
woman of French descent, and that in Barbados, the Hall family was
a very well respected family and its members were known as "pious
persons of excellent character." Hall's early years are also
unclear; historian Charles H. Wesley theorized that by age 11
Prince Hall was enslaved (or in service) to Boston tanner William
Hall, and by 1770 was a free, literate man. It was through William
Hall that Prince learned how to process and dress leather.
Historian David L. Gray states that he was unable to find an
official historical record of the manumission. Hall, identified as
able to read and write, may have been self-taught or, like other
enslaved people and free blacks in New England, he may have had
assistance. Hall joined the Congregational Church in 1762 at 27
years of age. He married an enslaved woman named Sarah Ritchie (or
Ritchery) who died in 1769. It has been asserted that Hall then
married Flora Gibbs of Gloucester in 1770; however David Gray
states he was married for a second time to Sylvia (Zilpha) Ward
Hall. An article written about Prince for the PBS documentary
Africans In America states that Prince Hall married a woman named
Delia, a servant outside William Hall's household, and had a son
named Primus in 1756; however, David L. Gray asserts that there is
no record of a marriage of Prince Hall to Delia, nor record of a
son, Primus. In Boston, Hall worked as a peddler, caterer, and
leatherworker, owning his own leather shop. It is known that in
April 1777, he created five leather drumheads for an artillery
regiment of Boston. Hall was a homeowner who voted and paid taxes.
As a leader, Prince Hall devoted himself to gaining a place for
New Endland's enslaved and free blacks in Freemasonry, education,
and the military, which were some of the most crucial spheres of
society in his time. Hall is considered the founder of "Black
Freemasonry" in the United States, known today as Prince Hall
Freemasonry. Hall formed the African Grand Lodge of North America.
Prince Hall was unanimously elected its Grand Master, and served
until his death in 1807. Prince Hall Freemasonry is a branch of
North American Freemasonry for African Americans founded by Prince
Hall on September 29, 1784. There are two main branches of Prince
Hall Freemasonry: the independent State Prince Hall Grand Lodges,
most of which are recognized by White Masonic jurisdictions, and
those under the jurisdiction of the National Grand Lodge. Prince
Hall Freemasonry is the oldest and largest (300,000+ initiated
members) predominantly African American fraternity in the nation.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Western Tradition TV Series DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Drive
Today, December 4, 2025December 4, 1642: #DOTD: Cardinal Armand
Jean du Plessis, commonly referred to as Cardinal Richelieu
(French: Cardinal de Richelieu), 1st Duke of Richelieu and
Fronsac, French clergyman, nobleman, and statesman (b. September
9, 1585) #dies at the age of 57 of a terrible mix of long-term
ailments: recurrent fevers (possibly malaria), strangury (painful,
frequent urination of small volumes), intestinal tuberculosis with
fistula (an abnormal connection between the anal canal's internal
opening and external closing areas) migraines, suppurating (puss
discharge) and tubercular osteitis (bone inflammation) of the
right arm, and bloody coughs (after his death, his lungs were
found to have extensive cavities and caseous necrosis). His
doctors continued to bleed him frequently, further weakening him.
As he felt his death approaching, he named Mazarin, one of his
most faithful followers, to succeed him as chief minister to the
King. His body was embalmed and interred at The Church Of The
Sorbonne. During the French Revolution, the corpse was removed
from its tomb, and the mummified front of his head, having been
removed and replaced during the original embalming process, was
stolen. It ended up in the possession of Nicholas Armez of
Brittany by 1796, and he occasionally exhibited the well-preserved
face. His nephew, Louis-Philippe Armez, inherited it and also
occasionally exhibited it and lent it out for study. In 1866,
Napoleon III persuaded Armez to return the face to the government
for re-interment with the rest of Richelieu's body. An
investigation of subsidence of the church floor enabled the head
to be photographed in 1895. Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis, 1st
Duke of Richelieu and Fronsac, commonly referred to as Cardinal
Richelieu (French: Cardinal de Richelieu) was born Armand Jean du
Plessis in Paris, France. Richelieu was consecrated as a bishop in
1607 and was appointed Foreign Secretary in 1616. Richelieu soon
rose in both the Catholic Church and the French government,
becoming a cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister
in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642. He sought
to consolidate royal power and crush domestic factions. By
restraining the power of the nobility, he transformed France into
a strong, centralized state. His chief foreign policy objective
was to check the power of the Austro-Spanish Habsburg dynasty, and
to ensure French dominance in the Thirty Years' War that engulfed
Europe. Although he was a cardinal, he did not hesitate to make
alliances with Protestant rulers in attempting to achieve his
goals. While a powerful political figure, events like the Day of
the Dupes, a day in November 1630 on which the enemies of Cardinal
Richelieu mistakenly believed that they had succeeded in
persuading the French King to dismiss Richelieu from power, show
that in fact he very much depended on the king's confidence to
keep this power. He was succeeded by Cardinal Mazarin, whose
career he had fostered. As alumnus of the University of Paris and
headmaster of the College of Sorbonne, he renovated and extended
the institution. Richelieu was also famous for his patronage of
the arts; most notably, he founded the Academie Francaise (the
French Academy), the learned society responsible for matters
pertaining to the French language. Richelieu is also known by the
sobriquet l'Eminence rouge ("the Red Eminence"), from
the red shade of a cardinal's clerical dress and the style
"eminence" as a cardinal. As an advocate for Samuel de
Champlain and of the retention of New France, he founded the
Compagnie des Cent-Associes and saw the Treaty of
Saint-Germain-en-Laye return Quebec City to French rule under
Champlain, after the settlement had been taken by the Kirkes in
1629. This in part allowed the colony to eventually develop into
the heartland of Francophone culture in North America. Richelieu
has been depicted in popular fiction frequently, most notably as a
leading character in Alexandre Dumas's novel The Three Musketeers
and its numerous film adaptations.
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-western-tradition-dvd-set-all-52-shows-13-d5213.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Command
Performance WWII Old Time Radio Series MP3 DVD, Download, USB
Today, December 4, 2025December 4, 1967: #DOTD: #RIP: Burt Lahr,
American actor of stage and screen, vaudevillian, singer and
comedian, best known for his role as the Cowardly Lion, as well as
his counterpart Kansas farmworker "Zeke", in the MGM
adaptation of The Wizard Of Oz (1939) (b. August 13, 1895) #dies
in the early morning at the age of 72 in New York City while
filming The Night They Raided Minsky's. The official cause of
death reported at the time was pneumonia, but it was in fact
cancer, a disease he feared but never knew he had. Lahr had been
hospitalized on November 21 for what was reported as a back
ailment, but it was instead from having returned home at 2 a.m.
with chills and fever from the damp studio where The Night They
Raided Minsky's was being filmed. Ordinarily, a man of his age and
reputation would not have had to perform that late into the night,
but he had waived that proviso in his contract because of his
trust in the producer and his need to work. At the time of Lahr's
death, most of scenes had already been shot. Producer Norman Lear
told The New York Times that "through judicious editing, we
will be able to shoot the rest of the film so that his wonderful
performance will remain intact." The producers used test
footage of Lahr, plus an uncredited voice double and a body
double, burlesque actor Joey Faye, to complete Lahr's role. Born
Irving Lahrheim in New York City to German Jewish immigrants
Augusta and Jacob Lahrheim, Bert Lahr was well known for his
quick-witted humor and his work in burlesque, vaudeville, and on
Broadway.
https://store.earthstation1.com/command-performance-in-world-war-ii-radio-broadcasts-mp3-c3.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Classic
Baby Boomer Bloopers Video Collection DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, December 4, 2025December 4, 2020: #DOTD: #RIP: David
Lander, American actor, comedian, singer, and baseball scout, best
known for his portrayal of Andrew "Squiggy" Squiggman in
the ABC sitcom Laverne & Shirley and as a Goodwill ambassador
for the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (d. June 22, 1947)
#dies of complications from Multiple Sclerosis at Cedars-Sinai
Medical Center in Los Angeles, California. He was 73 years old. He
is buried at the Hollywood Forever cemetery in Hollywood,
California. David Lander was born David Leonard Landau in
Brooklyn, New York, the youngest son of two Jewish schoolteacher
parents, Stella (Goldman) and Saul Landau. Lander also sang and
played the squigophone with Lenny And The Squigtones, a fictional
musical group Lander headed with Michael McKean. The group's
eponymous debut album, Lenny & Squiggy Present Lenny and the
Squigtones, was released on the Casablanca label in 1979. The
album is now a collector's item partly because of guitar work by
Christopher Guest, who used the name "Nigel Tufnel".
This was the name Guest used for the satirical rock band Spinal
Tap several years later, alongside McKean (who used the name
"David St. Hubbins" in Spinal Tap). A photo on the
album's inside cover also includes two band members, "Murph",
the keyboard player from The Blues Brothers, and "Ming the
Merciless", purported to be Kiss drummer Peter Criss without
his famous "cat" costume and make-up, though Criss
denied it was him. McKean has confirmed that the drummer in the
photograph is actually Don Poncher.
https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-baby-boomer-bloopers-tv-amp-movie-blooper-outtakes-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Twentieth Century History Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
Drive
Today, December 4, 2025December 4, 1918: The Aftermath Of World
War I: The Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920) (The Versailles
Peace Conference [1919-1920]): -- U.S. President Woodrow Wilson
sets sail to attend the Paris Peace Conference, set to begin on
January 18, 1919, a trip whereby Wilson becomes the first US
president to travel to Europe while in office. At this conference,
President Wilson proposed would his Fourteen Points, calling for a
reduction of arms, self determination for governments, and the
creation of a League Of Nations, all intended to serve as a basis
for resolving the conflict and establishing a lasting peace in
Europe. The European powers agreed to these points, though the
U.S. Senate against joining the League Of Nations. By June 28,
1919, The Paris Peace Conference resulted in The Treaty Of
Versailles (French: Traite de Versailles) which formally ended
World War I. It was the most important of the peace treaties that
brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war
between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed exactly five
years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which
directly led to World War I. The other Central Powers on the
German side of World War I signed separate treaties. Although the
armistice, signed on November 11, 1918, ended the actual fighting,
it took six months of Allied negotiations at the Paris Peace
Conference to conclude the peace treaty. The treaty was registered
by the Secretariat of the League Of Nations on October 21, 1919.
Of the many provisions in the treaty, one of the most important
and controversial, required "Germany [to] accept the
responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss
and damage" during the war (the other members of the Central
Powers signed treaties containing similar articles). This article,
Article 231, later became known as the War Guilt clause. The
treaty forced Germany to disarm, make substantial territorial
concessions, and pay reparations to certain countries that had
formed the Entente powers. In 1921 the total cost of these
reparations was assessed at 132 billion marks (then 31.4B USD or
6.6B Pounds Sterling, roughly equivalent to 442B USD or 284B
Pounds Sterling in 2018). At the time economists, notably John
Maynard Keynes (a British delegate to the Paris Peace Conference),
predicted that the treaty was too harsh-a "Carthaginian
peace"-and said the reparations figure was excessive and
counter-productive, views that, since then, have been the subject
of ongoing debate by historians and economists from several
countries. On the other hand, prominent figures on the Allied side
such as French Marshal Ferdinand Foch criticized the treaty for
treating Germany too leniently. The result of these competing and
sometimes conflicting goals among the victors was a compromise
that left no one content: Germany was neither pacified nor
conciliated, nor was it permanently weakened. The problems that
arose from the treaty would lead to the Locarno Treaties, which
improved relations between Germany and the other European powers,
and the re-negotiation of the reparation system resulting in the
Dawes Plan, the Young Plan, and the indefinite postponement of
reparations at the Lausanne Conference of 1932. The terms of the
treaty also required Germany to give up Alsace-Lorraine and
overseas colonies, and prohibited German rearmament. Although it
is often referred to as the "Versailles Conference",
only the actual signing of the treaty took place at the historic
palace. Most of the negotiations were in Paris, with the "Big
Four" meetings taking place generally at the Quai d'Orsay.
https://store.earthstation1.com/twentieth-century-history-15-episode-tv-series-2-dual-layer-d152.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: In The
Suburbs: Life In Suburbia Films DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, December 4, 2025December 4, 1947: The Aftermath Of World
War II: Suburbia: Housing Projects: Planned Communities: Planned
Communities In The United Stattes: Redlining: Levittowns:
Levittown, New York: -- An editorial in a local Gold Coast, Long
Island news-paper The Island Trees Tribune notes "It seems
that the people of the surrounding areas were a bit afraid of what
sort of people would move into [Levittown]." Wealthy Gold
Coast residents were concerned with property values and a decline
in prestige with the arrival of the urban working class in their
"boxy little" houses. Levittown, Long Island, the most
famous American postwar suburban development, was a household
name, the "Exhibit A" of suburbia. It came on the eve of
the baby boom and just before the 1948 Housing Bill liberalized
lending, allowing anyone to buy a home with 5 percent down and
extending mortgage terms to 30 years. Millions of families needed
homes. Housing starts were down during the Depression and World
War II. Returning vets armed with their GI Bill of Rights and
guaranteed Veterans Administration low-interest loans wanted to
move into places of their own. The Federal Housing Administration
was guaranteeing loans from bankers to builders, and Long Island
farmland was going cheap. Real estate developers Levitt & Sons
saw an opportunity in the potato fields near Hempstead, N.Y., and
they bought up the land, envisioning small, affordable homes
there. They also rethought home building: Cut out the middlemen
suppliers, streamline construction, circumvent local zoning codes
and keep labor unions at arm's length. When the last nail was
driven in 1951, 17,447 houses stood in Levittown. But Levittown
was about more than just the houses. As the largest and most
influential housing development of its time, it became a postwar
poster child for everything right (affordability, better standard
of living) and wrong (architectural monotony, poor planning,
racism) with suburbia. Attacks were launched by architectural
critic Lewis Mumford; John Keats, author of the scathing
antisuburbia novel A Crack in the Picture Window; and a handful of
other writers who never set foot in the place but were content to
lambaste it from their city offices. Ironically, Mumford's
complaint that Levittown was a "uniform environment from
which escape is impossible" ignored the architectural
sameness (block after block of overcrowded apartments) that many
new suburbanites were fleeing from in Manhattan, Brooklyn and
Queens. Certainly for the inhabitants of Levittown, New York, more
disturbing complaints came from their Long Island neighbors. Helen
Hooper, 27 years old when she moved from Queens in 1949,
remembered similar attitudes in long-settled nearby villages:
"They resented it when they knew you came from Levittown."
She frequently felt icy, awkward stares: "When you went in
there to shop, they kind of looked at you funny." Even some
of her own relatives felt she'd made a mistake. "They'd look
around_bang the walls. And they all told us, 'In ten years they're
going to go through this place with a bulldozer and knock it down,
it's going to be a slum.' " Competing builders made the same
criticisms. Fortune reported Levittown's critics proclaiming their
doubts over "rotten masonry, green lumber, inferior
workmanship." The houses, however, were well made, a fact
that longtime residents continue to point to with pride. George
Merritt, a U.S. Navy veteran who moved into the community in 1955,
was impressed with his original house even as he added on to it.
The Levittown carpenters "did a job, man, I'm telling you,"
he said. From copper coil radiant heating to brass-zinc covered
nails, the builder didn't scrimp-at least not on materials.
Merritt was astonished when he pulled the doorway out of his
kitchen: "That door must have had 40 nails in it! When I
finally got it ripped off it said on the back 'Treated with
Woodlife.' I didn't even know they made that then, but he [William
Levitt] really_did a good job. Unbelievable." As with many
other residents, Merritt's considerable sweat equity improved his
home over the years, starting with a front bay window. Levitt &
Sons, Inc., which built Levittowns as planned communities for
returning white World War II veterans between 1947 and 1951, was
founded by Abraham Levitt on August 2, 1929. Levitt & Sons was
a real estate development company founded by Abraham Levitt and
later managed by his son William Levitt. The company is most
famous for having built the town of Levittown, New York. The
company's designs and building practices revolutionized the home
building industry and altered the north eastern landscape of the
United States with massive suburban communities. Levitt & Sons
was America's biggest home builder by 1951, and William Levitt was
named one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.
Historian Kenneth T. Jackson wrote of Levitt & Sons, "The
family that had the greatest impact on postwar housing in the
United States was Abraham Levitt and his sons, William and Alfred,
who ultimately built more than 140,000 houses and turned a cottage
industry into a major manufacturing process."
https://store.earthstation1.com/in-the-suburbs-life-in-suburbia-films-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: WABC
Radio Airchecks MP3 Collection 1960s-1980s DVD, MP3 Download, USB
Today, December 4, 2025December4, 1936: #BOTD: #HBD! Freddy
Cannon, nicknamed Freddy "Boom Boom" Cannon, American
rock and roll singer and guitarist is #born Frederick Anthony
Picariello, Jr. in Revere, Massachusetts. His biggest
international hits included "Tallahassee Lassie", "Way
Down Yonder in New Orleans", and "Palisades Park",
is #born Frederick Anthony Picariello, Jr. in Revere,
Massachusetts. His mother wrote song which Freddy called "Rock
and Roll Baby", and he produced a demo which Boston disc
jockey Jack McDermott. took to the writing and production team of
Bob Crewe and Frank Slay. They rearranged the song, rewrote the
lyrics, and offered to produce a recording in return for
two-thirds of the composing credits. The first recording of the
song, now titled "Tallahassee Lassie", with a guitar
solo by session musician Kenny Paulson, was rejected by several
record companies, but was then heard by TV presenter Dick Clark
who part-owned Swan Records in Philadelphia. Clark suggested that
the song be re-edited and overdubbed to add excitement, by
highlighting the pounding bass drum sound and adding hand claps
and Freddy's cries of "whoo!", which later became one of
his trademarks. The single was finally released by Swan Records,
with the company president, Bernie Binnick, suggesting Freddy's
new stage name of "Freddy Cannon". After being promoted
and becoming successful in Boston and Philadelphia, the single
gradually received national airplay. In 1959, it peaked at No. 6
on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the first of his 22 songs to
appear on the Billboard chart, and also reached No. 13 on the R &
B singles chart. In the UK, where his early records were issued on
the Top Rank label, it reached No. 17. "Tallahassee Lassie"
sold over one million copies and was awarded a gold disc by the
RIAA.
https://store.earthstation1.com/wabc-musicradio-shows-mp3-dvd-60s80s-am-360807775.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Frank
Zappa Documentaries MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, December 4, 2025December 4, 1993: #DOTD: #RIP: Frank
Zappa, American singer, songwriter, composer, guitarist, record
producer, filmmaker and activist (b. December 21, 1940) #dies from
prostate cancer 17 days before his 53rd birthday at his home with
his wife and children by his side. At a private ceremony the
following day, his body was buried in a grave at the Westwood
Village Memorial Park Cemetery, in Los Angeles. The grave is
unmarked. Two days after his death, his family publicly announced
that "Composer Frank Zappa left for his final tour just
before 6:00 pm on Saturday". Frank Zappa was born Frank
Vincent Zappa in Baltimore, Maryland. His work was characterized
by nonconformity, free-form improvisation, sound experiments,
musical virtuosity, and satire of American culture. In a career
spanning more than 30 years, Zappa composed rock, pop, jazz, jazz
fusion, orchestral and musique concrete works, and produced almost
all of the 60-plus albums that he released with his band the
Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. Zappa also directed
feature-length films and music videos, and designed album covers.
He is considered one of the most innovative and stylistically
diverse rock musicians of his era. As a self-taught composer and
performer, Zappa had diverse musical influences that led him to
create music that was sometimes difficult to categorize. While in
his teens, he acquired a taste for 20th-century classical
modernism, African American rhythm and blues, and doo-wop music.
He began writing classical music in high school, while at the same
time playing drums in rhythm-and-blues bands, later switching to
electric guitar. His 1966 debut album with the Mothers of
Invention, Freak Out!, combined songs in conventional rock and
roll format with collective improvisations and studio-generated
sound collages. He continued this eclectic and experimental
approach whether the fundamental format was rock, jazz, or
classical. Zappa's output is unified by a conceptual continuity he
termed "Project/Object", with numerous musical phrases,
ideas, and characters reappearing across his albums. His lyrics
reflected his iconoclastic views of established social and
political processes, structures and movements, often humorously
so, and he has been described as the "godfather" of
comedy rock. He was a strident critic of mainstream education and
organized religion, and a forthright and passionate advocate for
freedom of speech, self-education, political participation and the
abolition of censorship. Unlike many other rock musicians of his
generation, he disapproved of recreational drug use, but supported
decriminalization and regulation. Zappa was a highly productive
and prolific artist with a controversial critical standing;
supporters of his music admired its compositional complexity,
while critics found it lacking emotional depth. He had greater
commercial success outside the US, particularly in Europe. Though
he worked as an independent artist, Zappa mostly relied on
distribution agreements he had negotiated with the major record
labels. He remains a major influence on musicians and composers.
His many honors include his 1995 induction into The Rock And Roll
Hall Of Fame and the 1997 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
https://store.earthstation1.com/frank-zappa-documentaries-mp4-video-download-dv4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: DJ
Madness! 1950s-60s-70s Radio Shows DVD, MP3 Download, USB Drive
Today, December 4, 2025December 4, 1945: #BOTD: #HBD! Big Jack
Armstrong, also known as Jack Armstrong, Jackson W. Armstrong, and
Big Jack Your Leader, top-40 disc jockey of the 1960s through the
1980s, and an oldies DJ until 2006, who held a Guinness World
Record for "fastest talking human alive" at one point in
his career (d. March 23, 2008) is #born John Charles Larsh in
Durham County, North Carolina. He developed two imaginary
sidekicks: The Gorilla, who speaks in a raspy bass, and likes
women, bananas ("nanas"), banana juice, and whiskey, in
that order: and The Old Timer, who wheezes, tells lame jokes, and
was always getting shot after one of them. Larsh was known for his
distinctive signoff. At WKYC, it was a few catchphrases, spoken
over the instrumental version of The Beatles' "And I Love
Her". On WKBW, he used "Shimmy Shimmy Walk II" by
the Megatons. On most stations, he used no background music.
Eventually, it became a Motormouth extravaganza, spoken so fast it
was hard to understand. Big Jack Armstrong died at his home in
High Point, North Carolina as a result of a stroke or heart attack
(an autopsy was not performed) at the age of 62. His burial
details are not publicly disclosed.
https://store.earthstation1.com/dj-radio-airchecks-mp3-dvd-1950s60s70s-dis319506070.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Joey Bishop Show w/Regis Philbin Sammy Davis Jr DVD, Download, USB
Today, December 4, 2025December 24, 1984: #DOTD: #RIP: Peter
Lawford, English-American actor, producer, and socialite (b.
September 7, 1923) #dies at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los
Angeles on Christmas Eve, aged 61, from cardiac arrest. He
suffered from kidney failure and liver failure after years of
substance abuse. His body was cremated, and his ashes were
interred at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery. Owing to a
dispute between his widow Patricia Seaton Lawford and the
cemetery, Lawford's ashes were removed from the cemetery in 1988
and scattered into the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California
by her, who invited the National Enquirer tabloid to photograph
the event. For his contribution to the television industry, Peter
Lawford has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 6920
Hollywood Boulevard. A plaque bearing Lawford's name was erected
at Westwood Village Memorial Park. Peter Lawford was born Peter
Sydney Ernest Aylen in London, England. Peter Sydney Ernest
Lawford lived in the United States throughout his adult life. He
was a member of the "Rat Pack" and the brother-in-law of
President John F. Kennedy, and the senators Robert F. Kennedy and
Edward Kennedy. From the 1940s to the 1960s, he was a well-known
celebrity and starred in a number of highly acclaimed films. In
later years, he was noted more for his off-screen activities as a
celebrity than for his acting; it was said that he was "famous
for being famous".
https://store.earthstation1.com/joey-bishop-show-dvd-regis-philbin-sammy-davis-jr-peter-lawford.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: An
Ocean Apart: US-UK Relations TV Series + Profumo Affair MP4 DVD
Set
Today, December 4, 2025December 4, 2017: #DOTD: Christine
Keeler, English model, showgirl, escort courtesan and prostitute,
central figure in The Profumo Affair, a major sexpionage scandal
in which an MI5 operation, involving the women of americanized
british establishment osteopath and pimp Simon Ward, to sexually
blackmail soviet agent Yevgeny Ivanov, went wrong when the bait,
19-year-old Christine Keeler, became involved with Briitsh
Secretary Of State For War John Profumo instead, backfiring on all
involved and ultimately resulting in the downfall of British Prime
Minister Harold Macmillan's conservative government (b. February
22, 1942) #dies in the night at The Princess Royal University
Hospital in Farnborough, London, aged 75. She had been ill for
some months, suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD). Her funeral took place on December 16 at The West London
Crematorium in Kensal Green Cemetery. Christine Keeler was born
Christine Margaret Keeler in Uxbridge, Middlesex, England. A
shooting incident involving Johnny Edgecombe, a British jazz
promoter and a third lover mixed-up in The Profumo Affair, that
took place outside Simon Ward's home while Keeler was hiding there
caused the press to investigate her, an investigation that
revealed that her affairs could threaten national security. In the
House of Commons, Profumo denied any improper conduct but later
admitted to having lied. Ward was found guilty of being her pimp;
a trial was instigated after the embarrassment caused to the
government. The trial has since been considered a miscarriage of
justice and a charade orchestrated by the establishment to protect
itself, and resulted in Ward's suicide.
https://store.earthstation1.com/an-ocean-apart-us-uk-relations-tv-series-profumo-affair-mp4-dvd-set.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: America
At War With Robert Vaughn 13 Episodes + Bonus MP4 Download DVD
Today, December 4, 2025December 4, 1786: Religion: The History
Of Religion: Abrahamic Religions: Christianity: The History Of
Roman Catholicism: The Latin Church (Latin: Ecclesia Latina):
Christian Missions: Mission Stations: The Mission Santa Barbara:
-- The Spanish mission church attendant to the Presidio Of Santa
Barbara built in 1782 that was the last military outpost built by
Spain in the New World, is dedicated on the feast day of Saint
Barbara. The Mission Santa Barbara, the "Queen Of The
Missions", is the namesake of the city of Santa Barbara as
well as of Santa Barbara County, of which it is the county seat.
Modern Santa Barbara has a thriving service and technology
economy, and it has been a web host for EarthStation1.com and
MediaOutlet.com for significant periods of time since both
websites began operations in 1996.
https://store.earthstation1.com/america-at-war-with-robert-vaughn-13-part-tv-series-4-dvd-134.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Revelation: The History Of Christianity DVD, Video Download, USB
Drive
Today, December 4, 2025December 4th: Religion: The History Of
Religion: Abrahamic Religions: Christianity: Roman Catholicism:
The Latin Church (Latin: Ecclesia Latina): The Liturgical Year
(The Church Year, The Christian Year, The Kalendar): The Calendar
Of Saints: Feast Days: The Feast Day Of St. Barbara (Eastern
Orthodox Church: The Great Martyr Barbara): -- The Roman Catholic
Feast Day Of St. Barbara, an early Christian Greek saint and
martyr. Accounts place her in the 3rd century in the Greek city
Nicomedia, present-day Turkey or in Heliopolis of Phoenicia,
present-day Baalbek, Lebanon. There is no reference to her in the
authentic early Christian writings nor in the original recension
of Saint Jerome's martyrology. Her name can be traced to the 7th
century, and veneration of her was common, especially in the East,
from the 9th century. Because of doubts about the historicity of
her legend, she was removed from the General Roman Calendar in the
1969 revision, though not from the Catholic Church's list of
saints. Saint Barbara is often portrayed with miniature chains and
a tower. As one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers, Barbara continues to
be a popular saint in modern times, perhaps best known as the
patron saint of armourers, artillerymen, military engineers,
miners and others who work with explosives because of her old
legend's association with lightning, and also of mathematicians.
https://store.earthstation1.com/revelation-the-history-of-christianity-documentary.html